发动机：发动机是挖掘机的核心动力源，它为整个设备提供运转所需的动力。常见的品牌有康明斯（Cummins）、五十铃（Isuzu）等。不同型号的发动机在功率、扭矩等参数上有所差异，以适配不同工作强度和工况的挖掘机。

燃油系统配件：包括燃油泵、喷油嘴、燃油滤清器等。燃油泵负责将燃油从油箱输送到发动机，喷油嘴则将燃油精确地喷射到发动机燃烧室，而燃油滤清器能过滤燃油中的杂质，保证燃油的清洁，确保发动机稳定运行。

Engine: The engine is the core power source of an excavator, providing the power required for the operation of the entire equipment. Common brands include Cummins, Isuzu, etc. Different models of engines vary in parameters such as power and torque to adapt to excavators with different working intensities and conditions.

Fuel System Parts: This includes fuel pumps, injectors, fuel filters, etc. The fuel pump is responsible for transporting fuel from the fuel tank to the engine, the injector precisely sprays fuel into the engine combustion chamber, and the fuel filter filters impurities in the fuel to ensure the cleanliness of the fuel and the stable operation of the engine.

液压泵：将发动机的机械能转换为液压能，为液压系统提供动力。常见的有齿轮泵、柱塞泵等，不同类型的液压泵在流量、压力等方面有不同特点。

液压缸：是液压系统中的执行元件，通过液压油的压力推动活塞运动，实现挖掘机的各种动作，如挖掘、提升、回转等。

液压阀：包括溢流阀、换向阀、节流阀等。溢流阀用于调节系统压力，防止压力过高损坏设备；换向阀控制液压油的流向，从而改变液压缸的运动方向；节流阀则用于调节液压油的流量，控制执行元件的运动速度。

Hydraulic Pump: It converts the mechanical energy of the engine into hydraulic energy and provides power for the hydraulic system. Common types include gear pumps and piston pumps. Different types of hydraulic pumps have different characteristics in terms of flow rate and pressure.

Hydraulic Cylinder: It is an actuator in the hydraulic system. The piston is pushed to move by the pressure of the hydraulic oil, realizing various actions of the excavator, such as digging, lifting, and slewing.

Hydraulic Valves: This includes relief valves, directional control valves, throttle valves, etc. The relief valve is used to adjust the system pressure to prevent damage to the equipment due to excessive pressure; the directional control valve controls the flow direction of the hydraulic oil, thereby changing the movement direction of the hydraulic cylinder; the throttle valve is used to adjust the flow rate of the hydraulic oil and control the movement speed of the actuator.

履带：挖掘机的行走装置，分为橡胶履带和钢制履带。橡胶履带适用于对地面平整度要求较高且地面较软的工况，如城市道路施工；钢制履带则更适合恶劣的施工环境，如矿山作业。

支重轮：支撑挖掘机的重量，并使履带在地面上平稳滚动。它承受着较大的压力和摩擦力，容易磨损，需要定期检查和更换。

驱动轮：与履带啮合，带动履带转动，实现挖掘机的行走。驱动轮的齿形和强度对挖掘机的行走性能有重要影响。

Tracks: The travel device of an excavator, which is divided into rubber tracks and steel tracks. Rubber tracks are suitable for working conditions with high requirements for ground flatness and soft ground, such as urban road construction; steel tracks are more suitable for harsh construction environments, such as mining operations.

Carrier Wheels: They support the weight of the excavator and make the tracks roll smoothly on the ground. They bear great pressure and friction and are prone to wear, so they need to be regularly inspected and replaced.

Drive Sprockets: They mesh with the tracks and drive the tracks to rotate, enabling the excavator to move. The tooth shape and strength of the drive sprocket have an important impact on the travel performance of the excavator.

挖斗：直接用于挖掘作业的部件，根据不同的工作需求，有不同的形状和尺寸。如标准斗适用于一般的挖掘作业，而岩石斗则采用了更耐磨的材料，用于挖掘坚硬的岩石。

斗齿：安装在挖斗前端，是直接与物料接触的部分，容易磨损。斗齿的材质和形状会影响挖掘效率和使用寿命。

连杆机构：连接挖斗和挖掘机的主体结构，通过它的运动实现挖斗的挖掘、卸料等动作。

Bucket: The part directly used for excavation work. It has different shapes and sizes according to different work requirements. For example, the standard bucket is suitable for general excavation work, while the rock bucket is made of more wear - resistant materials and is used for excavating hard rocks.

Bucket Teeth: Installed at the front end of the bucket, it is the part that directly contacts the material and is prone to wear. The material and shape of the bucket teeth will affect the excavation efficiency and service life.

Linkage Mechanism: It connects the bucket and the main structure of the excavator. Through its movement, the bucket can perform actions such as excavation and unloading.

蓄电池：为挖掘机的电气设备提供电能，如启动电机、照明系统等。蓄电池的容量和性能会影响设备的启动性能和电气系统的正常运行。

发电机：在发动机运转时，将机械能转换为电能，为蓄电池充电并为电气设备供电。

传感器：包括油温传感器、水温传感器、压力传感器等，它们能实时监测挖掘机各系统的工作状态，并将数据传输给控制系统，以便及时发现故障并采取措施。

Battery: It provides electrical energy for the electrical equipment of the excavator, such as the starting motor and lighting system. The capacity and performance of the battery will affect the starting performance of the equipment and the normal operation of the electrical system.

Generator: When the engine is running, it converts mechanical energy into electrical energy to charge the battery and supply power to the electrical equipment.

Sensors: This includes oil temperature sensors, water temperature sensors, pressure sensors, etc. They can monitor the working status of each system of the excavator in real - time and transmit data to the control system, so as to detect faults in time and take measures.